German politician and priest, born at Trier. 1920 till 1933 member of the Reichstag (national parliament), since 1928 chairman of the catholic Zentrumspartei.
Under his leadership, the Zentrum, often in coalition with liberals (DDP) and Social democrats (SPD), turned to the right. Although an opponent to the National Socialists (NSDAP), Kaas had an unfortunate role in their rise to power. In March 1933, a few weeks after his nomination as Chancellor, Hitler proposed the Ermaechtigungsgesetz, the Enabling Act or revision of the Weimar constitution transferring all power to his government. During the discussion in his parliamentary group, Kaas spoke out against the proposal. A big majority of Zentrum MP's were in favour, some under the influence of Hitler's intimidations, others in fear of an alledged communist threat, others believing that the Nazi party would soften once in power.
Until today, historians disagree whether there were or which were the recommendations given by the German episcopate and the Vatican. Following the internal vote, all 92 Zentrum deputies including Kaas voted in favour of the bill, which the Reichstag adopted on 23 March by 444 to 94 votes. Soon, all opposition parties were declared illegal. On 8 April 1933, Kaas left Germany for good, spending the rest of his life in exile on Vatican territory. A confident of cardinal Pacelli, the latter Pope Pius XII.
Buried first at Camposanto teutonico (photo), later transferred to St. Peter's church.
Bio in German: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kaas.shtml
Nota bene although only in a distance of some 20 metres to St. Peter's basilica (its Southern wall) and exterritorial property of the Holy See, the Camposanto teutonico is not on the territory of the Vatican. It is situated on Italian ground, cf. map on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:VaticanCity_Annex.jpg.
∼Born in Trier, Kaas was ordained a priest in 1906 and was known for his expertise in Church-state relations. He was politically active in the Catholic Centre Party and was a member of the National Assembly, the Reichstag and the Prussian state council, and was a German delegate to the League of Nations.
In 1920, then-Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli, the Papal Nuncio to Bavaria, was appointed Nuncio to Germany, and needed someone to serve as a liaison between himself and the Prussian bishops. The Archbishop of Breslau, Adolph Cardinal Bertram, suggested Kaas.
After Pacelli was elected Pope Pius XII, he put Kaas in charge of excavations under St. Peter's, a job he continued despite a serious illness.
Ludwig Kaas died in Rome in 1952, aged 70 and was buried in the cemetery of Campo Santo in the Vatican. However, Pius XII ordered the body of his dear friend and trusted adviser moved and he remains, to this day, the only Monsignor resting with the Royals, the Popes and the Saints in the crypt under St. Peter's.
Under his leadership, the Zentrum, often in coalition with liberals (DDP) and Social democrats (SPD), turned to the right. Although an opponent to the National Socialists (NSDAP), Kaas had an unfortunate role in their rise to power. In March 1933, a few weeks after his nomination as Chancellor, Hitler proposed the Ermaechtigungsgesetz, the Enabling Act or revision of the Weimar constitution transferring all power to his government. During the discussion in his parliamentary group, Kaas spoke out against the proposal. A big majority of Zentrum MP's were in favour, some under the influence of Hitler's intimidations, others in fear of an alledged communist threat, others believing that the Nazi party would soften once in power.
Until today, historians disagree whether there were or which were the recommendations given by the German episcopate and the Vatican. Following the internal vote, all 92 Zentrum deputies including Kaas voted in favour of the bill, which the Reichstag adopted on 23 March by 444 to 94 votes. Soon, all opposition parties were declared illegal. On 8 April 1933, Kaas left Germany for good, spending the rest of his life in exile on Vatican territory. A confident of cardinal Pacelli, the latter Pope Pius XII.
Buried first at Camposanto teutonico (photo), later transferred to St. Peter's church.
Bio in German: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kaas.shtml
Nota bene although only in a distance of some 20 metres to St. Peter's basilica (its Southern wall) and exterritorial property of the Holy See, the Camposanto teutonico is not on the territory of the Vatican. It is situated on Italian ground, cf. map on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:VaticanCity_Annex.jpg.
∼Born in Trier, Kaas was ordained a priest in 1906 and was known for his expertise in Church-state relations. He was politically active in the Catholic Centre Party and was a member of the National Assembly, the Reichstag and the Prussian state council, and was a German delegate to the League of Nations.
In 1920, then-Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli, the Papal Nuncio to Bavaria, was appointed Nuncio to Germany, and needed someone to serve as a liaison between himself and the Prussian bishops. The Archbishop of Breslau, Adolph Cardinal Bertram, suggested Kaas.
After Pacelli was elected Pope Pius XII, he put Kaas in charge of excavations under St. Peter's, a job he continued despite a serious illness.
Ludwig Kaas died in Rome in 1952, aged 70 and was buried in the cemetery of Campo Santo in the Vatican. However, Pius XII ordered the body of his dear friend and trusted adviser moved and he remains, to this day, the only Monsignor resting with the Royals, the Popes and the Saints in the crypt under St. Peter's.
German politician and priest, born at Trier. 1920 till 1933 member of the Reichstag (national parliament), since 1928 chairman of the catholic Zentrumspartei.
Under his leadership, the Zentrum, often in coalition with liberals (DDP) and Social democrats (SPD), turned to the right. Although an opponent to the National Socialists (NSDAP), Kaas had an unfortunate role in their rise to power. In March 1933, a few weeks after his nomination as Chancellor, Hitler proposed the Ermaechtigungsgesetz, the Enabling Act or revision of the Weimar constitution transferring all power to his government. During the discussion in his parliamentary group, Kaas spoke out against the proposal. A big majority of Zentrum MP's were in favour, some under the influence of Hitler's intimidations, others in fear of an alledged communist threat, others believing that the Nazi party would soften once in power.
Until today, historians disagree whether there were or which were the recommendations given by the German episcopate and the Vatican. Following the internal vote, all 92 Zentrum deputies including Kaas voted in favour of the bill, which the Reichstag adopted on 23 March by 444 to 94 votes. Soon, all opposition parties were declared illegal. On 8 April 1933, Kaas left Germany for good, spending the rest of his life in exile on Vatican territory. A confident of cardinal Pacelli, the latter Pope Pius XII.
Buried first at Camposanto teutonico (photo), later transferred to St. Peter's church.
Bio in German: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kaas.shtml
Nota bene although only in a distance of some 20 metres to St. Peter's basilica (its Southern wall) and exterritorial property of the Holy See, the Camposanto teutonico is not on the territory of the Vatican. It is situated on Italian ground, cf. map on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:VaticanCity_Annex.jpg.
∼Born in Trier, Kaas was ordained a priest in 1906 and was known for his expertise in Church-state relations. He was politically active in the Catholic Centre Party and was a member of the National Assembly, the Reichstag and the Prussian state council, and was a German delegate to the League of Nations.
In 1920, then-Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli, the Papal Nuncio to Bavaria, was appointed Nuncio to Germany, and needed someone to serve as a liaison between himself and the Prussian bishops. The Archbishop of Breslau, Adolph Cardinal Bertram, suggested Kaas.
After Pacelli was elected Pope Pius XII, he put Kaas in charge of excavations under St. Peter's, a job he continued despite a serious illness.
Ludwig Kaas died in Rome in 1952, aged 70 and was buried in the cemetery of Campo Santo in the Vatican. However, Pius XII ordered the body of his dear friend and trusted adviser moved and he remains, to this day, the only Monsignor resting with the Royals, the Popes and the Saints in the crypt under St. Peter's.
Under his leadership, the Zentrum, often in coalition with liberals (DDP) and Social democrats (SPD), turned to the right. Although an opponent to the National Socialists (NSDAP), Kaas had an unfortunate role in their rise to power. In March 1933, a few weeks after his nomination as Chancellor, Hitler proposed the Ermaechtigungsgesetz, the Enabling Act or revision of the Weimar constitution transferring all power to his government. During the discussion in his parliamentary group, Kaas spoke out against the proposal. A big majority of Zentrum MP's were in favour, some under the influence of Hitler's intimidations, others in fear of an alledged communist threat, others believing that the Nazi party would soften once in power.
Until today, historians disagree whether there were or which were the recommendations given by the German episcopate and the Vatican. Following the internal vote, all 92 Zentrum deputies including Kaas voted in favour of the bill, which the Reichstag adopted on 23 March by 444 to 94 votes. Soon, all opposition parties were declared illegal. On 8 April 1933, Kaas left Germany for good, spending the rest of his life in exile on Vatican territory. A confident of cardinal Pacelli, the latter Pope Pius XII.
Buried first at Camposanto teutonico (photo), later transferred to St. Peter's church.
Bio in German: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kaas.shtml
Nota bene although only in a distance of some 20 metres to St. Peter's basilica (its Southern wall) and exterritorial property of the Holy See, the Camposanto teutonico is not on the territory of the Vatican. It is situated on Italian ground, cf. map on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:VaticanCity_Annex.jpg.
∼Born in Trier, Kaas was ordained a priest in 1906 and was known for his expertise in Church-state relations. He was politically active in the Catholic Centre Party and was a member of the National Assembly, the Reichstag and the Prussian state council, and was a German delegate to the League of Nations.
In 1920, then-Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli, the Papal Nuncio to Bavaria, was appointed Nuncio to Germany, and needed someone to serve as a liaison between himself and the Prussian bishops. The Archbishop of Breslau, Adolph Cardinal Bertram, suggested Kaas.
After Pacelli was elected Pope Pius XII, he put Kaas in charge of excavations under St. Peter's, a job he continued despite a serious illness.
Ludwig Kaas died in Rome in 1952, aged 70 and was buried in the cemetery of Campo Santo in the Vatican. However, Pius XII ordered the body of his dear friend and trusted adviser moved and he remains, to this day, the only Monsignor resting with the Royals, the Popes and the Saints in the crypt under St. Peter's.
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