According to the hand-written note of Mary "Mollie" (Barnes) Gauld (1875-1968) (shown here), her grandfather, Armstead Barnes (1809-1854) of Meade County, Kentucky, was a twin, and his twin's name was Gideon. Meade County, Kentucky death records show that Armstead Barnes died of pneumonia, and was born in Nelson County, Kentucky, the son of Elijah and R. Barnes. The date of Armstead's birth is based on his tombstone inscription and 2 family Bibles.

Gideon Barnes was married to Eleanor Vowles in Nelson Co., Kentucky on Aug. 6, 1835 by the Rev. Samuel Carpenter. They were the parents of 15 children.

Gideon was named as the executor of his father's will, and was likely the only son living in Nelson County at that time (1845).

Gideon Barnes and Eleanor his wife to Edwin F. Barnes, 735 acres on Beech Fork for $2500 in paid notes. (Nelson Co., Ky. Deed Bk. 25, p. 311, Apr. 29, 1847)
Note: Edwin F. Barnes is listed in the will of Elijah Barnes in 1845. Edwin was the son of Samuel R. Barnes, son of Elijah.

1850 Federal Census, Nelson Co., Kentucky, Dist. 1;
Gideon Barnes, 41, m, farmer, Ky.
Ellen Barnes, 35, f, Ky.
C. Barnes, 14, f, Ky.
E. Barnes, 13, m, Ky.
M. Barnes, 11, f, Ky.
Nancy Barnes, 10, f, Ky.
S. Barnes, 8, f, Ky.
E. Barnes, 6, f, Ky.
G. Barnes, 4, m, Ky.
R. Barnes, 2, f, Ky.
Susan Barnes, 15, f, Ky.

Their neighbors in this 1850 census were Charles Beeler and Thomas Ice.

Wm. A. Barnes was born, alive, 7 miles south of Bardstown on July 6, 1855 to parents Gideon Barnes and Ellen Vowls. Note that listed just 2 lines down in this entry is Joseph D. Barnes, born, alive, 7 miles south of Bardstown, on May 2, 1855, to parents Rizen [Reason] Barnes and Phebe Dunn. So, Gideon and his cousin, Reason Barnes, were neighbors. (Nelson County Kentucky Vital Statistics. Nelson County Births, Series 2, Vol. 90.)

Gideon and his cousin Reason Barnes were building committee members for the current church building at First Cedar Creek Baptist Church. (See photo here of 200th anniversary plaque dedicated in 1981.)

Children of Gideon Barnes;
1. Susan Barnes, born ca. 1835-1836
2. Catherine Barnes, born ca. 1836, married James W. Barnes
3. Elijah Barnes, born 1838
4. Mary Ellen Barnes, born ca. 1840-1841
5. Nancy Barnes, born ca. 1841, married John I. Boon or Boone
6. Sarah Jane Barnes, born ca. 1843
7. Elizabeth Barnes, born ca. 1835 or 1842, unmarried in 1880
8. Gideon Barnes, born ca. 1846, unmarried in 1880
9. Julia Ann Barnes, born ca. 1849, married James Martin Apr. 17, 1866 Nelson County.
10. Emeline "Emma" Barnes, born ca. 1851, married Francis Bell
11. Rachel Barnes, born July 19, 1852 Nelson County. (Ky. Birth Records, 1852-1910.) Died by 1865.
12. William A. Barnes, 1855-1856
13. Peter Riley Barnes, 1857-1936, married Casandra "Cassie" Johnson.
14. Jefferson D. Barnes, born ca. 1859 [Some listings don't show this child.]